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To evaluate the reliability and convergent validity of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 Alternative Model for Personality Disorders (SCID-5-AMPD) Module I and Module II, 88 adult psychotherapy participants were administered the Italian translations of the SCID-5-AMPD Module I and Module II, Level of Personality Functioning Scale-Brief Form (LPFS-BF), Level of Personality Functioning Scale-Self Report (LPFS-SF), Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5), Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-4+ (PDQ-4+), and Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 Personality Disorders (SCID-5-PD) relying on a Williams crossover design. SCID-5-AMPD Module I and Module II showed excellent inter-rater reliability. In terms of convergent validity, meaningful associations were observed between SCID-5-AMPD Module I scores and self-report measures of Criterion A; similarly, SCID-5-AMPD Module II trait scores were meaningfully related to PID-5 trait scores. As a whole, our preliminary findings supported the clinical utility of DSM-5 AMPD.More than 30 viral and subviral pathogens infect apple (Malus domestica, an important fruit crop in China) trees and rootstocks, posing a threat to its production. With advances in diagnostic technologies, new viruses including apple rubbery wood virus 1 (ARWV-1), apple rubbery wood virus 2 (ARWV-2), apple luteovirus 1 (ALV), and citrus virus A (CiVA) have been detected (Beatriz et al. 2018; Rott et al. 2018; Hu et al. 2021). ARWV-1 (family Phenuiviridae) is a negative-sense single-stranded RNA virus with three RNA segments (large [L], medium [M], and small [S]). It causes apple rubbery wood disease (Rott et al. 2018) and is found in apple rootstocks, causing leaf yellowing and mottle symptoms in Korea (Lim et al. 2018). To determine virus prevalence in apple trees in China, 200 apple leaf and shoot samples were collected from orchards in Hebei (n = 26), Liaoning (n = 40), Shandong (n = 100), Yunnan (n = 25), Shanxi (n = 4) and Inner Mongolia (5) in 2020. Total RNA was extracted from the shoot phloem or leaf rresponding segments of ARWV-1. Co-infection of ARWV-1 with ApNMV and/or ARWV-2 was confirmed in 17/21 ARWV-1-positive samples. The prevalence of ARWV-1/ApNMV, ARWV-1/ARWV-2, and ARWV-1/ApNMV/ARWV-2 infections was 61.9%, 71.4%, and 52.4%, respectively. To our knowledge, this is the first report of ARWV-1 infecting apple trees in China. Further research is needed to determine whether and how ARWV-1 affects apple yield and quality.Bacterial soft rot is an important disease of Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis) in China and many other countries. Four pectinolytic bacterial strains (WBC1, WBC6, WBC9 and WBC11) were isolated from soft-rotted Chinese cabbage in Beijing, China. Based on 16S rDNA and pmrA gene sequence analyses, multi-locus sequence analysis (MLSA), and genomic average nucleotide identity (ANI) analysis, these four strains were identified as Pectobacterium polaris. This species, previously reported from potato in countries not including China, is a new soft-rot pathogen of Chinese cabbage in China. Biochemical characteristics of these P. polaris strains tested by Biolog were mostly consistent with those of P. polaris NIBIO1006T. Their pathogenicity on Chinese cabbage is temperature-dependent, with all four strains as well as the type strain exhibiting high pathogenicity at 23°C and 28°C. These four strains infected Lactuca sativa, Daucus carota, Solanum tuberosum and Capsicum annuum by artificial inoculation. Specific PCR/qPCR primers for P. polaris were developed based on its specific gene sequences (determined using genome comparison methods). Both PCR and qPCR detected not only genomic DNA of P. polaris but also the pathogen from diseased plant tissues even before external symptoms appeared. Their detection sensitivities were as low as 1 pg and 100 pg genomic DNA of P. polaris, respectively. This study is the first to both report the emergence of P. polaris on Chinese cabbage in China, and provide rapid and accurate PCR/qPCR-based detection systems specific for P. polaris for the first time.European hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L.) has been used as an important ornamental species for urban landscaping since the Italian Renaissance (Rocchi et al. 2010). In May 2019, 15% of 3000 C. betulus trees with wilted leaves and root rot were observed in a field (about 26 ha) in Pizhou, Jiangsu Province, China. Internal discoloration of the stem began with brown to black discoloration of the vascular system and gradually spread to inward areas. Roots and stems from symptomatic plants were washed free of soil, surface sterilized with 0.8% NaOCl, rinsed three times in sterile H2O, and blotted dry with a paper towel. Small segments (0.5-cm-long) were cut from the discolored vascular tissues, and then put on potato dextrose agar (PDA) at 25°C in darkness. After 4 days, fungal colonies were observed on the PDA. Pure cultures were obtained by monosporic isolation, and 9 morphologically similar fungal isolates (EJ-1 to EJ-9) were obtained. see more All purified cultures were incubated on PDA at 25°C in darkness as the initialmatched those of the original isolates. No pathogen was isolated from the tissues of control plants. The experiment was repeat twice with the similar results, fulfilling Koch’s postulates. F. oxysporum is an important soil-borne pathogen and can cause disease in many economic plants, such as yellowwood (Graney et al. 2016), hickory (Zhang et al. 2015) and larch (Rolim et al. 2020). To our knowledge, this is the first report of wilt on C. betulus caused by F. oxysporum in China.Powdery mildew caused by Podosphaera cerasi is the most important fungal disease of sweet cherries in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. In this study, several factors related to disease epidemiology were evaluated. The experiments were conducted to investigate flower susceptibility to P. cerasi infection by in planta and in vitro inoculation. The susceptibility of fruit at various developmental stages was investigated using defined concentrations of P. cerasi conidia. Furthermore, the threshold of conidial concentration required for fruit infection was determined. The pathogen activity during full bloom was limited and not related to fruit disease incidence and severity at harvest. Foliar infections always preceded fruit infections by an average of 42 days during the three years of the study. The onset of fruit infection followed, on average, 66 days after full bloom and appeared simultaneously on all susceptible cherry cultivars in the research orchard. Disease symptoms were only observed on fruit in Biologische Bundesanstalt, Bundessortenamt, and Chemical industry (BBCH) scale 8 (maturity) in all cultivars examined.