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Schizophrenia spectrum disorders are associated with incapacitating social impairments, mostly due to Theory of Mind (ToM) deficits. Theory of mind difficulties often precede the beginning of schizophrenia spectrum disorders and contribute highly to the social withdrawal of patients. They also predict bad outcome for individuals suffering from this condition. The use of samples of individuals presenting subclinical forms of schizophrenia spectrum disorders constitute an opportunity to study theory of mind capacities. Notably, the study of theory of mind deficits in schizotypy allows a better understanding of predictive markers of schizophrenia spectrum disorders. They also contribute to the identification of primary processes involved in social difficulties associated with these disorders.

We searched PubMed, Science Direct and Google Scholar databases for peer-reviewed articles studying the association between theory of mind performance and schizotypal traits up to the 1April 2020. VU661013 The following syntax wld be of great use in characterizing theory of mind difficulties associated with schizotypy.

The studies included in this review confirm the association between psychometric schizotypy and theory of mind. But the high heterogeneity in methods used in these studies, and notably the diversity in ways of assessing schizotypal traits and theory of mind, hinder a precise description of such an association. Additional studies are required. In particular, fMRI studies using tasks allowing for a precise description of altered and preserved theory of mind processes could be of great use in characterizing theory of mind difficulties associated with schizotypy.Ultrasonography has proven useful in the study of many pulmonary diseases that affect the subpleural regions. This article reviews the current evidence regarding the role of ultrasonography in the diagnosis and management of viral lung infections. It describes the examination technique and the main ultrasonographic findings for different viruses that can affect the lungs.

Despite an increasing incidence with simultaneous decreasing age of onset, vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC) is still a disease that mainly effects the elderly population. Data on the association of age with prognosis and treatment patterns in VSCC are sparse.

This is an analysis of the AGO-CaRE-1 cohort. Patients with VSCC (FIGO stage ≥1B), treated at 29 cancer centers in Germany from 1998 to 2008, were included in a centralized database (n=1618). In this subgroup analysis patients were analyzed according to age [<50yrs. (n=220), 50-69yrs. (n=506), ≥70yrs. (n=521)] with regard to treatment patterns and prognosis. Only patients with documented age, surgical groin staging and known nodal status were included (n=1247). Median follow-up was 27.5months.

At first diagnosis, women ≥70yrs. presented with more advanced tumor stages (<0.001), larger tumor diameter (<0.001), poorer ECOG status (<0.001), more frequent HPV negative tumors (p=0.03) as well as a higher rate of nodal involvement (<0.001). Disease recurrence occurred significantly more often in elderly patients (p=0.001) and age as well as ECOG status, microscopic residual resection, tumor stage, grading, and (chemo)radiation were independent prognostic factors for death or recurrence in multivariate analysis. 2-year disease-free survival rates were 59.3% (≥70yrs), 65.8% (50-69yrs) and 81.1% (<50yrs), respectively (p<0.001).

Older women with VSCC present with advanced tumor stages at first diagnosis and have an increased risk of recurrence as well as a decreased 2-year DFS in comparison to younger patients. Potential reasons could be self-awareness and/or more aggressive tumor biology due to HPV independent disease.

Older women with VSCC present with advanced tumor stages at first diagnosis and have an increased risk of recurrence as well as a decreased 2-year DFS in comparison to younger patients. Potential reasons could be self-awareness and/or more aggressive tumor biology due to HPV independent disease.

To estimate the cost-effectiveness of the levonorgestrel intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) as an endometrial cancer prevention strategy in women with obesity.

A Markov decision-analytic model was used to compare 5 strategies in women with a body mass index of 30 or greater 1) Usual care 2) LNG-IUS for 5years 3) LNG-IUS for 7years 4) LNG-IUS for 5years, replaced once for a total of 10years 5) LNG-IUS for 7years, replaced once for a total of 14years. Obesity was presumed to be associated with a 3-fold relative risk of endometrial cancer incidence and a 2.65-fold disease-specific mortality. The LNG-IUS was assumed to confer a 50% reduction in cancer incidence over the period of the LNG-IUS insertion. Outcomes were incremental cost-effectiveness ratios, calculated in 2019 Canadian dollars (CAD) per year of life saved. One-way and two-way sensitivity analyses were performed.

The LNG-IUS strategy was considered cost-effective if the cost of the intervention is less than $66,400 CAD ($50,000 US dollars) per year of life saved. The strategy becomes cost-effective if the LNG-IUS is inserted at age 57 (strategy #2), at age 52 for strategy #3, at age 51 for strategy #4 and at age 45 for strategy #5, when compared to usual care. The results are stable to variations in cost but sensitive to the estimated risk reduction of the LNG-IUS and the impact of obesity on endometrial cancer incidence and disease-specific mortality.

The LNG-IUS is a cost-effective method of endometrial cancer prevention in women with obesity.

The LNG-IUS is a cost-effective method of endometrial cancer prevention in women with obesity.

To determine the association between scores from a 25-item patient-reported Rockwood Accumulation of Deficits Frailty Index (DAFI) and survival outcomes in gynecologic cancer patients.

A frailty index was constructed from the SEER-MHOS database. The DAFI was applied to women age≥65 diagnosed with all types of gynecologic cancers between 1998 and 2015. The impact of frailty status at cancer diagnosis on overall survival (OS) was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards regression.

In this cohort (n=1336) the median age at diagnosis was 74 (range 65-97). Nine hundred sixty-two (72%) women were Caucasian and 132 (10%) were African-American. Overall, 651(49%) of patients were considered frail. On multivariate analysis, frail patients had a 48% increased risk for death (aHR 1.48; 95% CI 1.29-1.69; P<0.0001). Each 10% increase in frailty index was associated with a 16% increased risk of death (aHR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.11 to 1.21; P<0.0001). In subgroup analyses of the varying cancer types, the association of frailty status with prognosis was fairly consistent (aHR 1.