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ct the successful introduction of this species in areas where water excesses can cause soil waterlogging or shallow-partial plant submergence, but suggest avoidance of areas prone to suffer high-intensity flooding that lead to full plant submergence as this would highly constrain plant recruitment.The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is still progressing and has been recorded in more than 210 countries and territories worldwide. In Bosnia and Herzegovina, the first cases of COVID-19 were detected on 5th of March 2020 in the entity of Republic of Srpska and 9th of March 2020 in the entity of Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Up until the 16th of May 2020, more than 2,200 COVID-19 cases were recorded in both entities, with a mortality rate of 5.8% (131 out of 2231 cases). The aim of this ongoing study is to present the current epidemiological and sociodemographic parameters of 380 COVID-19 patients diagnosed at the University Clinical Hospital Mostar (UCH Mostar) during the first two months of the COVID-19 pandemic. Out of 380 patients, 60 (15.8%) of them required hospitalization. The mortality rate was 5% (19/380). The highest mortality rate of 15.2% (12/79) was recorded in the patients age ≥65 years. In addition to this single-centre experience of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, we discuss the epidemiological measures imposed in Bosnia and Herzegovina, with emphasis on the restrictive ones. The COVID-19 pandemic is still ongoing in Bosnia and Herzegovina.Purpose This study aims to investigate the effect of upgrading from the fine structure processing (FSP) coding strategy to the novel fine structure strategy “FS4” in adults in adults with cochlear implants manufactured by MED-EL GmbH (Innsbruck, Austria). Method A crossover, double-blinded study was conducted for 12 weeks. Twelve adult participants were randomly assigned to two groups. During the first 6-week test interval, one group continued to use their everyday FSP strategy, whereas the other group was upgraded to the FS4 strategy. In the second 6-week interval, the two groups switched coding strategies. Speech perception was measured at the end of each test interval with the Oldenburg Sentence Test and the Göttingen Sentence Test. Participants completed the Speech, Spatial and Qualities of Hearing Scale at the end of each test interval and a simple preference test at the end of the study. Results There was no significant difference in speech perception test results obtained with the Oldenburg Sentence Test and the Göttingen Sentence Test, neither in quiet nor in noise. Participants’ Speech, Spatial and Qualities of Hearing Scale self-evaluation and preference test results showed that the two coding strategies had similar effects on their hearing perception. No clear preference for either of the strategies was found. Conclusions Speech perception test results and the participants’ level of satisfaction were similar for the two FS coding strategies. Despite differences in the presentation of temporal fine structure between FSP and FS4, a clear benefit of the newer FS4 strategy could not be shown.New York City hospitals expanded resources to an unprecedented extent in response to the COVID pandemic. Thousands of beds, ICU beds, staff members, and ventilators were rapidly incorporated into hospital systems. Nonetheless, this historic public health disaster still created scarcities and the need for formal crisis standards of care. These were not available to NY clinicians because of the state’s failure to implement, with or without revision, long-standing guidance documents intended for just such a pandemic. The authors argue that public health plans for disasters should be well-funded and based on available research and expertise. Communities should insist that political representatives demonstrate responsible leadership by implementing and updating as needed, crisis standards of care. Finally, surge requirements should address the needs of both those expected to survive and those who will not, by expanding palliative care and other resources for the dying.Objectives The relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of X-rays and γ radiation increases substantially with decreasing beam energy. This trend affects the efficacy of medical applications of this type of radiation. This study was designed to develop a model based on a survey of experimental data that can reliably predict this trend. Tamoxifen order Methods In our model, parameters α and β of a cell survival curve are simple functions of the frequency-average linear energy transfer (LF) of delta electrons. The choice of these functions was guided by a microdosimetry-based model. We calculated LF by using an innovative algorithm in which LF is associated with only those electrons that reach a sensitive-to-radiation volume (SV) within the cell. We determined model parameters by fitting the model to 139 measured (α,β) pairs. Results We tested nine versions of the model. The best agreement was achieved with [Formula see text] and β being linear functions of [Formula see text] .The estimated SV diameter was 0.1-1 µm. We also found that α, β, and the α/β ratio increased with increasing [Formula see text] . Conclusions By combining an innovative method for calculating [Formula see text] with a microdosimetric model, we developed a model that is consistent with extensive experimental data involving photon energies from 0.27 keV to 1.25 MeV. Advances in knowledge We have developed a photon RBE model applicable to an energy range from ultra-soft X-rays to megaelectron volt γ radiation, including high-dose levels where the RBE cannot be calculated as the ratio of α values. In this model, the ionization density represented by [Formula see text] determines the RBE for a given photon spectrum.Purpose The phase delay of stimulus frequency otoacoustic emissions (SFOAEs) has been proposed as a noninvasive, objective, and fast source for estimating cochlear mechanical tuning. However, the implementation of SFOAEs clinically has been thwarted by the gaps in understanding of the stability of SFOAE delay-based tuning estimates and their relationship to behavioral measures of tuning. Therefore, the goals of this study were (a) to investigate the relationship between delay-based tuning estimates from SFOAEs and simultaneously masked psychophysical tuning curves (PTCs) and (b) to assess the across- and within-session repeatability of tuning estimates from behavioral and OAE measures. Method Three sets of behavioral and OAE measurements were collected in 24 normal-hearing, young adults for two probe frequencies, 1 and 4 kHz. For each participant, delay-based tuning estimates were derived from the phase gradient of SFOAEs. SFOAE-based and behavioral estimates of tuning obtained using the fast-swept PTC paradigm were compared within and across sessions.