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Both signs (evidenced by TBUT and Schirmer’s test) and symptoms (measured by corneal sensitivity) improved significantly. The best formulation was the solution formulation; a cyclodextrin-based formulation was also successful but the emulsion formulation was not. PS and its metabolites were essentially restricted to the anterior chamber of the eye. Sulindac and phospho-ibuprofen amide had no efficacy on DED. Conclusions PS is efficacious against DED. Its effect, encompassing signs, and symptoms, are dose, formulation, and structure dependent. PS has therapeutic promise and merits further development.As nonessential workers are working from home and connected to colleagues through means of computer technology, cyberbullying, which has only recently been investigated in workplace settings, is likely to become more prevalent. Organizations are also reconsidering work structures that would keep workers remote. Workplace cyberbullying (WCB) can have a detrimental impact on victims’ mental health, more than traditional face-to-face bullying. However, there is a dearth of validated assessments to monitor WCB for use in different countries. The Cyberbullying Behavior Questionnaire Short version (CBQ-S) from Jönsson et al. is a validated short scale that seems simple and practical enough to integrate in widely applied multiscale employee surveys. Previously, the CBQ-S has been only validated in Sweden (in the Swedish language) and United States (in English). This study performs a construct validation of the CBQ-S in Spain (in Spanish) and Germany (in German), to equip businesses and organizations operating in those countries with an effective valid tool to measure WCB. Two hundred nine German and 249 Spanish workers (N = 458) participated in a cross-sectional survey. Exploratory and multiple-group confirmatory factor analyses suggested a one-dimensional structure of the scale, supporting configural invariance; metric and partial scalar invariance was also supported. Latent means differences revealed significantly higher mean scores for the Spanish sample (Cohen’s d = 0.61). WCB correlated positively with workplace bullying, supporting concurrent convergent validity. WCB also correlated positively with role conflict, role ambiguity, bullying in general, stress, turnover intention, and negatively with job satisfaction, indicating criterion validity.Spider monkey optimization (SMO) algorithm imitates the spider monkey’s fission-fusion social behavior. It is evident through literature that the SMO is a competitive swarm-based algorithm that is used to solve difficult real-life problems. The SMO’s search process is a little bit biased by the random component that drives it with high explorative searching steps. A hybridized SMO with a memetic search to improve the local search ability of SMO is proposed here. The newly developed strategy is titled Memetic SMO (MeSMO). Further, the proposed MeSMO-based clustering approach is applied to solve a big data problem, namely, the spam review detection problem. A customer usually makes decisions to purchase something or make an image of someone based on online reviews. Therefore, there is a good chance that the individuals or companies may write spam reviews to upgrade or degrade the stature or value of a trader/product/company. Therefore, an efficient spam detection algorithm, MeSMO, is proposed and tested over four complex spam datasets. The reported results of MeSMO are compared with the outcomes obtained from the six state-of-art strategies. A comparative analysis of the results proved that MeSMO is a good technique to solve the spam review detection problem and improved precision by 3.68%.Background School-based telehealth (SBTH) plays a valuable role in child asthma management, although nurses have concerns with caregiver engagement. Mobile technology (m-health) has potential to improve this engagement. Objective We identified barriers and key desired features of an asthma m-health application as a supprlement to an existing SBTH asthma program in rural settings. Methods Multimethod design using school nurse surveys and interviews with school and SBTH personnel to describe processes related to implementation of an m-health application. Results Nurses reported SBTH programs were an ideal setting to identify potential families for m-health. Selleck AZD9291 Benefits of caregiver education and engagement and barriers related to technology, smart phone data availability, and family buy-in were described. Desired application features included education on inhaler technique, asthma symptom, and medication adherence reports. Conclusions The feedback identified from nurses can be incorporated into an asthma m-health program within an SBTH program to facilitate implementation.Flexible manipulators offer significant advantages over traditional rigid manipulators in minimally invasive surgery, because they can flexibly navigate around obstacles and pass cramped or tortuous paths. However, due to the inherent low stiffness, the ability to control/obtain higher stiffness when required remains to be further explored. In this article, we propose a flexible manipulator that exploits the phase transformation property of low-melting-point alloy to hydraulically drive and change the stiffness by heating and cooling. A prototype was fabricated, and experiments were conducted to evaluate the motion characteristics, stiffness performance, and rigid-flexible transition efficiency. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed manipulator can freely adjust heading direction in the three-dimensional space. The experimental results also indicate that it took 9.2-10.3 s for the manipulator to transform from a rigid state to a flexible state and 15.4 s to transform from a flexible state to a rigid state. The lateral stiffness and flexural stiffness of the manipulator were 95.54 and 372.1 Ncm2 in the rigid state and 7.26 and 0.78 Ncm2 in the flexible state. The gain of the lateral stiffness and flexural stiffness was 13.15 and 477.05, respectively. In the rigid state, the ultimate force without shape deformation was more than 0.98 N in the straight condition (0°) and 1.36 N in the bending condition (90°). By assembling flexible surgical tools, the manipulator can enrich the diagnosis or treatment functions, which demonstrated the potential clinical value of the proposed manipulator.