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Diazepam significantly increased open arms exploration in helpless, non-helpless, and non-stressed mice. However, treatment with the NOP antagonist SB-612111 was inactive in naive mice, while it reversed anxiogenic-related behaviors in helpless mice and increased anxiety states in non-helpless mice. No effects on locomotion were observed. CONCLUSION Helpless mice displayed increased anxiety compared to non-stressed and non-helpless animals, thus supporting use of this approach as an animal model to investigate anxiety/depression comorbidity. Additionally, SB-612111 modulated anxiety-like behaviors in male mice depending on individual stress susceptibility. Ultimately, NOP antagonists could be useful for treating anxiety in depressed patients.Adolescents living with HIV in Uganda are impacted by poverty and face a number of health and social challenges including access to medication, health complications, and social stigma. These stressors have been linked to depression, which can lead to lower HIV treatment adherence. This study seeks to determine how social and economic equity, family cohesion, and social supports may be related to depression among adolescents living with HIV. We used baseline data from the Suubi + Adherence study, a 5-year longitudinal randomized controlled trial among adolescents living with HIV in southwestern Uganda (n = 675; ages 10-16 years). Hierarchical logistic regression models were conducted separately among in-school adolescents and out-of-school adolescents to assess the hypothesized associations between economic and social equity, social support, and depression. About half of the participants meet the criteria for depression. Adolescents with depression were found to have fewer economic and social supports. Our findings indicate that social and economic equity [odds ratio (OR) = 0.85, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.74, 0.99], family cohesion (OR = 0.94, 95% CI 0.91-0.96), and social support from friends (OR = 0.95, 95% CI 0.91-0.998) are associated with depression for in-school HIV infected adolescents and could be protective factors. The results of this study suggest that social and economic equity may play a protective role against depression and other poor mental health outcomes. Potential interventions for adolescents living with HIV should consider these social and familial factors as they may be protective of depression in this population.BACKGROUND Pancreatic metastasis is a rare cause for pancreas surgery and often a sign of advanced disease no chance of curative-intent treatment. However, surgery for metastasis might be a promising approach to improve patients’ survival. The aim of this study was to analyze the surgical and oncological outcome after pancreatic resection of pancreatic metastasis. METHODS This is a retrospective cohort analysis of a prospectively-managed database of patients undergoing pancreatic resection at the University of Freiburg Pancreatic Center from 2005 to 2017. RESULTS In total, 29 of 1297 (2%) patients underwent pancreatic resection due to pancreatic metastasis. 20 (69%) patients showed metastasis of renal cell carcinoma (mRCC), followed by metastasis of melanoma (n = 5, 17%), colon cancer (n = 2, 7%), ovarian cancer (n = 1, 3%) and neuroendocrine tumor of small intestine (n = 1, 3%). Two (7%) patients died perioperatively. Median follow-up was 76.4 (range 21-132) months. 5-year and overall survival rates were 82% (mRCC 89% vs. Captisol nmr non-mRCC 67%) and 70% (mRCC 78% vs. non-mRCC 57%), respectively. Patients with mRCC had shorter disease-free survival (14 vs. 22 months) than patients with other primary tumor entities. CONCLUSION Despite malignant disease, overall survival of patients after metastasectomy for pancreatic metastasis is acceptable. Better survival appears to be associated with the primary tumor entity. Further research should focus on molecular markers to elucidate the mechanisms of pancreatic metastasis to choose the suitable therapeutic approach for the individual patient.Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is a minimally invasive procedure that provides an effective alternative to open-heart surgical valve replacement for treating advanced calcific aortic valve disease patients. However, complications, such as valve durability, device migration, paravalvular leakage (PVL), and thrombogenicity may lead to increased overall post-TAVR morbidity and mortality. A series of numerical studies involving a self-expandable TAVR valve were performed to evaluate these complications. Structural studies were performed with finite element (FE) analysis, followed by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, and fluid-structure interaction (FSI) analysis. The FE analysis was utilized to study the effect of TAVR valve implantation depth on valve anchorage in the Living Heart Human Model, which is capable of simulating beating heart during repeated cardiac cycles. The TAVR deployment cases where no valve migration was observed were then used to calculate the post-deployment thrombogenic potential via CFD simulations. FSI analysis followed to further assess the post-deployment TAVR hemodynamic performance for different implantation depths. The deployed valves PVL, geometric and effective orifice areas, and the leaflets structural and flow stress magnitudes were compared to determine the device optimal landing zone. The combined structural and hemodynamic analysis indicated that with the TAVR valve deployed at an aft ventricle position an optimal performance was achieved in the specific anatomy studied. Given the TAVR’s rapid expansion to younger lower-risk patients, the comprehensive numerical methodology proposed here can potentially be used as a predictive tool for both procedural planning and valve design optimization to minimize the reported complications.The hunting activities of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) at Mahale Mountains National Park exhibited a significant change over a 46-year observation period, shifting from sporadic hunting for small ungulates and primates through seizure or chasing, to a specialized hunting habit for red colobus (Piliocolobus rufomitratus). By the early 1980s, a new hunting habit had developed through the following stages (1) occasional single kills by mature/adolescent males, (2) multiple kills by mature/adolescent males, (3) participation of mature females in both multiple and single kills, and (4) increased frequencies of multiple kills and female participation in killing. Throughout the observation period, red colobus was the most frequently hunted species, accounting for 71.0% of all hunts, 68.1% of all kills, and 70.3% of the consumed prey. Adult/adolescent female chimpanzees accounted for 23.1% of all kills and 20.4% of red colobus kills, both of which are higher than proportions reported in other areas. There are several possible explanations for these changes (1) improved observation conditions, including familiarization of the chimpanzees with human observers; (2) environmental changes such as forest and faunal recovery, particularly an increase in the red colobus population; (3) change(s) in observation methods; (4) a new invention or (5) reinvention by the Mimikire (M) group chimpanzees; and (6) the change in intergroup relationships between the M and Kajabala (K) groups.