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illance and screening.Some opponents of abortion claim fetuses are persons from the moment of conception. Call these “Personhood-At-Conception” (or PAC), opponents of abortion. Amy Berg (2017, Philosophical Studies 1741217-26) argues that if fetuses are persons from the moment of conception, then miscarriage kills far more people than abortion. Thus, PAC opponents of abortion must “immediately” and “substantially” shift their attention, resources, etc., toward preventing miscarriage or admit they do not believe that personhood begins at conception (or, at least, they should recognize they are not acting in ways consistent with this belief). Unfortunately, Berg’s argument fails at every step. After outlining her argument, I show that her claim-that “miscarriage . . . is much deadlier than abortion”-is false (when taken literally) and misleading otherwise. Further, Berg’s argument is identical in structure to a criticism sometimes levied against the “Black Lives Matter” movement. In the latter context, the argument has been vehemently rejected. Berg’s argument should be rejected for the same reasons. Finally, Berg cites no evidence when claiming that PAC opponents of abortion are “not doing enough” to prevent miscarriage. And, even if PAC opponents of abortion are not diverting substantial funds toward miscarriage prevention, Berg fails to notice that this may be for good reason.

l-Tryptophan reduces energy intake in healthy men. The underlying mechanisms, including appetite, plasma cholecystokinin (CCK), tryptophan (Trp), and the ratio of Trp to large neutral amino acids (TrpLNAAs ratio), and whether responses differ in lean and obese individuals, are uncertain.

We evaluated the effects of intragastric Trp on energy intake (primary outcome) and their potential mechanisms, pre- and postmeal, in lean men and those with obesity.

Twelve lean men [mean±SD age 30±3 y; BMI (in kg/m2) 23±1] and 13 men with obesity (mean±SD age 31±3 y; BMI 33±1) received, on 3 separate occasions, in double-blind, randomized order, 3g (“Trp-3”) or 1.5g (“Trp-1.5”) Trp, or control (“C”), intragastrically, 30min before a buffet-meal. Energy intake from the buffet-meal, hunger, fullness, and plasma CCK and amino acid concentrations were measured in response to Trp alone and for 2h postmeal. Data were analyzed using maximum likelihood mixed-effects models, with treatment, group, and treatment-by-group intera men and those with obesity, apparently related to the TrpLNAAs ratio.

Intragastric Trp has potent energy intake-suppressant effects, in both lean men and those with obesity, apparently related to the TrpLNAAs ratio.

This study examined whether exposure to reduced-nicotine-content cigarettes (RNCCs) for 12 weeks alters respiratory health using Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide (FeNO), a validated biomarker of respiratory epithelial health, and the Respiratory Health Questionnaire (RHQ), a subject-rated questionnaire on respiratory symptoms. Participants were 747 adult daily smokers enrolled in three double-blind, randomized clinical trials evaluating effects of cigarette nicotine content (0.4, 2.4, 15.8mg nicotine/g tobacco) in people with affective disorders, opioid use disorder (OUD), or socioeconomic disadvantage.

FeNO levels and RHQ ratings were collected at baseline and Weeks 6 and 12 following randomization. Multiple regression was used to assess associations of FeNO and RHQ with smoking characteristics. Mixed-model repeated-measures ANOVA was used to evaluate effects of nicotine content on FeNO and RHQ outcomes over the 12-week study period.

FeNO levels but not RHQ ratings varied inversely with smoking charactend against infection. Furthermore, the results of the current study demonstrate that the adoption of the reduced nicotine content standard may result in beneficial impacts on respiratory epithelial health among vulnerable populations that are disproportionally affected by the adverse health outcomes precipitated by combustible tobacco use.

Should a reduced nicotine content standard be implemented; these results suggest that reduced nicotine content in cigarettes will not exacerbate and instead may attenuate smoking-related decreases in FeNO. This is significant as NO is an important component in maintaining a healthy respiratory system and necessary to defend against infection. Furthermore, the results of the current study demonstrate that the adoption of the reduced nicotine content standard may result in beneficial impacts on respiratory epithelial health among vulnerable populations that are disproportionally affected by the adverse health outcomes precipitated by combustible tobacco use.

Ultra-processed foodstuffs have been replacing traditional beans with tortillas in the Mexican diet in the last decades. Therefore, scientific support is needed to promote a return to good-quality traditional dishes.

This study aims to evaluate the amino acid digestibility and score of pinto beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) consumed with corn tortillas and guacamole in adults using the dual-tracer method.

The pinto beans were intrinsically labeled using 250mL of 2H2O (99.8%) per 19L pot with 3 plants. learn more A paste of cooked beans on toasted corn tortillas and guacamole topping were administered to 3 male and 3 female adults (21-25 years old; BMI, 19-23.5kg/m2). The protocol was plateau feeding given along with U-[13C]-spirulina protein to evaluate indispensable amino acid (IAA) digestibility using the dual-tracer method. Blood samples were taken in the plateau state. The digestibility of each IAA of the bean protein was calculated by the ratio of its enrichment in the beans to the spirulina in the meal and its appf protein as evaluated in adults and could be promoted as a nutritious snack. The assay is registered with the Ethical Committee of the Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. as CE/015/2019.A 20-d experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that phytase increases nutrient digestibility, bone ash, and growth performance of pigs fed diets containing 0.23%, 0.29%, or 0.35% phytate-bound P. Within each level of phytate, five diets were formulated to contain 0, 500, 1,000, 2,000, or 4,000 phytase units (FTU)/kg of a novel phytase (PhyG). Three reference diets were formulated by adding a commercial Buttiauxella phytase (PhyB) at 1,000 FTU/kg to diets containing 0.23%, 0.29%, or 0.35% phytate-bound P. A randomized complete block design with 144 individually housed pigs (12.70 ± 4.01 kg), 18 diets, and 8 replicate pigs per diet was used. Pigs were adapted to diets for 15 d followed by 4 d of fecal collection. Femurs were collected on the last day of the experiment. Results indicated that diets containing 0.35% phytate-bound P had reduced (P less then 0.01) digestibility of Ca, P, Mg, and K compared with diets containing less phytate-bound P. Due to increased concentration of total P in diets with high phytate, apparent total tract digestible P and bone ash were increased by PhyG to a greater extent in diets with 0.