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Biomaterials intentionally designed to support the expansion, differentiation, and three-dimensional (3D) culture of induced-pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) may pave the way to cell-based therapies for chronic respiratory diseases. These conditions are endured by millions of people worldwide and represent a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Currently, there are no effective treatments for the majority of advanced lung diseases and lung transplantation remains the only hope for many chronically ill patients. Key opinion leaders speculate that the novel coronavirus, COVID-19, may lead to long-term lung damage, further exacerbating the need for regenerative therapies. New strategies for regenerative cell-based therapies harness the differentiation capability of human iPSCs for studying pulmonary disease pathogenesis and treatment. Excitingly, biomaterials are a cell culture platform that can be precisely designed to direct stem cell differentiation. Here, we present a closer look at the state-of-the-art of iPSC differentiation for pulmonary engineering, offer evidence supporting the power of biomaterials to improve stem cell differentiation, and discuss our perspective on the potential for tissue-informed biomaterials to transform pulmonary regenerative medicine.Background The study aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis comparing the efficacy of teprenone with control or other drugs for reducing the incidence of gastrointestinal (GI) adverse events in patients receiving long-term non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Methods Databases of PubMed, Embase, BioMed Central, CENTRAL, and Google Scholar were searched up to November 10th, 2020 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing teprenone with control or other drugs. A random-effects model was used for the meta-analysis. Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) tool was used for assessing the certainty of evidence. Results Seven RCTs were included. Six compared teprenone with control and one with famotidine. Meta-analysis indicated a statistically significant reduced risk of GI ulcers in patients receiving teprenone as compared to control after 12 weeks/3months (RR 0.37 95% CI 0.17, 0.18 I 2 = 0% p = 0.01). Pooled data of three open-label studies indicated statistically significant reduction of GI symptoms in patients on teprenone as compared to control at 6 months and 12 months, but not at 3 months. Comparing teprenone with control, our analysis indicated non-significant but a tendency of better reduction in Modified Lanza Score (MLS) with teprenone. The RCT comparing teprenone to famotidine demonstrated better reduction of MLS with famotidine. The certainty of evidence-based on GRADE was deemed to be low. Conclusion Low-quality evidence indicates a beneficial role of teprenone in preventing GI injuries in patients receiving long-term NSAIDs. Further high-quality RCTs comparing teprenone with placebo as well as other gastroprotective drugs are needed to strengthen current evidence.Thrombotic microangiopathy is a rare but serious complication that affects kidney transplant recipients. It appears in 0.8-14% of transplanted patients and negatively affects graft and patient survival. It can appear in a systemic form, with hemolytic microangiopathic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and renal failure, or in a localized form, with progressive renal failure, proteinuria, or arterial hypertension. Post-transplant thrombotic microangiopathy is classified as recurrent atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome or de novo thrombotic microangiopathy. De novo thrombotic microangiopathy accounts for the majority of cases. Distinguishing between the 2 conditions can be difficult, given there is an overlap between them. Complement overactivation is the cornerstone of all post-transplant thrombotic microangiopathies, and has been demonstrated in the context of organ procurement, ischemia-reperfusion phenomena, immunosuppressive drugs, antibody-mediated rejection, viral infections, and post-transplant relapse of antiphospholipid antibody syndrome. Although treatment of the causative agents is usually the first line of treatment, this approach might not be sufficient. Plasma exchange typically resolves hematologic abnormalities but does not improve renal function. Complement blockade with eculizumab has been shown to be an effective therapy in post-transplant thrombotic microangiopathy, but it is necessary to define which patients can benefit from this therapy and when and how eculizumab should be used.Behçet’s Syndrome (BS) is a variable vessel vasculitis according to the Chapel Hill Consensus Nomenclature (1) and may thus affect any organ, including major and minor arterial and venous vessels to a varying degree and with varying frequency. AM1241 nmr Although the main features of BS are recurrent oral and genital aphthous ulcers, cutaneous lesions, ocular inflammation and arthritis-major vessel and life-or organ threatening involvement of internal organs and the central and peripheral nervous system occur. In general, BS in Europe appears to form six phenotypes of clinical manifestations (2), which are (1) mucocutaneous only, (2) predominant arthritis/articular involvement, (3) vascular phenotype, (4) ocular manifestations, which are most likely associated with CNS manifestations and HLA-B51, (5) dominant parenchymal CNS manifestations (being associated with the ocular ones), and (6) gastrointestinal involvement. Mucocutaneous manifestations are present in almost all patients/all phenotypes. In the following review, we summarize the current knowledge concerning vascular, neurologic, gastrointestinal and musculoskeletal manifestations of the disease.In this report, we concluded there are four dermoscopic features of APD including a yellow-brown homogeneous structureless area in the center of the lesion, dotted and linear vessels distribution radially and a dam shape uplift at the periphery, as well as a white irregular ring surrounding the lesion. There are three features, including the yellow-brown homogeneous structureless area in the center of the lesion, the dotted and linear vessels distribution radially and the white irregular ring surrounding the lesion were correspond to the report of Emma Ormerod et al.These features are also similar to those previously discribed in three separated reports of seven cases with APD. In our report, we found a new dermoscopic features the dam shape uplift at the periphery. These finding may be contributed to improve the rate of clinical diagnosis of APD.