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High-density carboxylic and aromatic functional groups on humic acid ensured that only humic acid larger than 1KDa was adsorbed by MIL-53(Al). Tryptophan-like and humic acid-like DOM were both detected in real hospital effluent, and their effects on CIP and CBZ adsorption onto MIL-53(Al) were investigated. The presence of tryptophan did not affect CBZ adsorption on MIL-53(Al) (except when coexisting with calcium ions). Conversely, tryptophan interfered with CIP adsorption. The presence of humic acid lower than 1KDa promoted the adsorption of CBZ and CIP by increasing the breathing effect of MIL-53(Al)’s 1D flexible framework. The presence of humic acid with molecular size greater than 1KDa enhanced both CBZ and CIP adsorption via a multilayer adsorption mechanism.This systematic review summarizes the current evidence related to the reliability of toenail total arsenic concentrations (thereafter “arsenic”) as a biomarker of long-term exposure. Specifically, we reviewed literature on consistency of repeated measures over time, association with other biomarkers and metal concentrations, factors influencing concentrations, and associations with health effects. We identified 129 papers containing quantitative original data on arsenic in toenail samples covering populations from 29 different countries. We observed geographic differences in toenail arsenic concentrations, with highest median or mean concentrations in Asian countries. Arsenic-contaminated drinking water, occupational exposure or living in specific industrial areas were associated with an increased toenail arsenic content. The effects of other potential determinants and sources of arsenic exposure including diet, gender and age on the concentrations in toenails need further investigations. Toenail arsenic was correlated with the concentrations in hair and fingernails, and with urine arsenic mainly among highly exposed populations with a toenail mean or median ≥1 μg/g. Overall, there is a growing body of evidence suggesting that arsenic content from a single toenail sample may reflect long-term internal dose-exposure. S63845 Toenail arsenic can serve as a reliable measure of toxic inorganic arsenic exposure in chronic disease research, particularly promising for cancer and cardiovascular conditions.Biochar is an effective material for the removal of heavy metals from wastewater. Operational conditions, such as metal initial concentration, temperature, contact time as well as the presence of competing ions can impact the effectiveness of the treatment process. While several models have been proposed for modelling the adsorption process, no model currently exists that accounts for the mutual interactions of key process parameters on the adsorption capacity in multi-solute systems. The aim of this study is to address this gap in knowledge by formulating a multi-input multi-output (MIMO) model, which takes into account the effect of mutual interactions of key factors while predicting heavy metals adsorption capacity of the biochar in single and multi-solute systems. In this study, we use machine learning models, specifically several ANN models, radial basis and gradient boosting algorithms to model the MIMO process. The results of our models provide highly accurate predictions (R2 > 0.99). The generalized regression network provided the best match to the experimental data. This approach can allow operators to predict how the adsorption system will respond to changes in the operations and hence provide them with a tool for process optimization.

Current evidence from studies on green space and child prosocial behaviour suggests a paucity of studies investigating the plausible role of green space quality in shaping the development of prosocial behaviour. This study aimed to examine longitudinal association between green space quality and prosocial behaviour among children.

We analysed 10-year longitudinal data (2004-2014) from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC), a nationally representative cohort study. Prosocial behaviour that covers positive behaviours (e.g. sharing, helping) was measured using a prosocial scale from Goodman’s Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Parents’ perceptions on the availability of “good” parks, playgrounds, and play space in the neighbourhood assessed green space quality. Multilevel linear regression models were used to examine potential changes in prosocial behaviour across childhood in relation to green space quality. A two-way interaction term between green space and age was fitted to assrom quality green space. Future research might seek to identify preferred characteristics of quality green spaces, and to understand how these preferences vary by gender and age, to best support the development of prosocial behaviour across childhood and adolescence.

Green space quality was positively associated with child prosocial behaviour. Boys and younger children tended to benefit more from quality green space. Future research might seek to identify preferred characteristics of quality green spaces, and to understand how these preferences vary by gender and age, to best support the development of prosocial behaviour across childhood and adolescence.In order to achieve the global elimination of cervical cancer as a public health problem, close surveillance of progress in public health and clinical activities and outcomes across the three pillars of vaccination, screening and treatment will be required. Surveillance should ideally occur within an integrated system that is planned, funded, and regularly evaluated to ensure it is providing timely, accurate and relevant feedback for action. In this paper, we conceptualise the main public health surveillance objectives as process and outcome measures in each of the three pillars. Process measures include coverage/participation measures for vaccination, screening and treatment alongside the ongoing assessment of the quality and reach of these programs and activities. Outcome measures related to the natural history of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection include HPV infection prevalence, precursor cervical lesions and cervical cancers (including stage at diagnosis, cancer incidence and mortality). These outcome measures can be used for monitoring the effectiveness of the three core activities in the short, medium and long term to assess whether these interventions are effectively reducing their occurrence.