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The p<0.005 was considered statistically significant.

Mental stress significantly decreased RMSSD (p= 0.001), NN50 (p= 0.001) and PNN50 (p=0.001) in time domain and HF nu (p=0.012) in frequency domain parameters of HRV.

Young healthy post ovulatory females responded to acute mental stress by withdrawing cardiac parasympathetic activity.

Young healthy post ovulatory females responded to acute mental stress by withdrawing cardiac parasympathetic activity.

The objective of this study was to determine the quality of life and factors associated with quality of life among primary caregivers of children with Cerebral palsy.

A cross-sectional study was carried between primary caregivers of children with cerebral palsy in rehabilitation group and non-rehabilitation group. Purposive sampling technique was used to collect data Results Median age of caregivers was 34 years (age 20-70 years), and there was significant difference between age in two groups (p=0.028). 83 (86.5%) caregivers were female with significant difference between gender in rehabilitation and non-rehabilitation group (p=0.03). Majority of primary caregivers were mother 71 (74%) in both groups. Among all 96 caregivers, 78.1% of caregivers had poor quality of life (Score in questionnaire below 75% taken as poor quality of life).There was no significant difference between quality of life in rehabilitation and non-rehabilitation group (p=0.42). Factors associated with quality of life in rehabilitation groups was illiteracy (p=0.005), aggressive nature of child (p=0.050), uncooperative nature of child (p=0.025), poor knowledge about child condition (p<0.001), and low financial support (p=0.051). Similarly, factor associated with quality of life in non-rehabilitation group was gross motor function classification system level of child (p< 0.001) and more perceived stress (p=0.048).

Majority of primary caregivers was mother and had poor quality of life and there was no significant difference between overall quality of life of caregivers in rehabilitation and non-rehabilitation group.

Majority of primary caregivers was mother and had poor quality of life and there was no significant difference between overall quality of life of caregivers in rehabilitation and non-rehabilitation group.

Skin prick tests identify allergens for chronic urticaria. The objective of this study was to determine skin prick test positivity in patients with chronic urticaria visiting skin outpatient department in one of the tertiary referral centre of Nepal.

This was a hospital based cross-sectional study conducted at Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital. All patients of chronic urticaria aged more than 16 years were taken into study and were prick tested with seven groups of 21 allergens, taking normal saline as negative control and histamine as positive control as per the standard protocol by the Global Allergy and Asthma European Network. Frequency of positivity to each allergen was assessed.

Out of 62 patients of chronic urticaria enrolled in the study, 52% were females and 48% were males. Overall, 71% were positive for at least one allergen. The most common allergens which tested positive included Dermatophagoides farinae (50%), Cotton dust (17.7%), Mosquito (16%), hay dust (14.5%), Cladosporium herbarum (14.5%), Candida albicans (12.9%), Parthenium hysterophorus (9.6%), House fly (9.6%), Soya bean (9.6%) and fish sardine (8%). Out of all these patients, 55% patients showed positivity to more than one allergens.

A significant proportion of cases with chronic urticaria demonstrated sensitivity to various allergens. Skin prick test can be considered as important diagnostic procedure in cases of chronic urticaria in our population.

A significant proportion of cases with chronic urticaria demonstrated sensitivity to various allergens. LY2109761 Skin prick test can be considered as important diagnostic procedure in cases of chronic urticaria in our population.

Periodontitis is inflammatory disorder resulting in progressive destruction of the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone with pocket formation, recession, or both. Vitamin D has a benefit in bone metabolism and anti-inflammatory activity involving T-cell homeostasis. The objective of this study was to compare the vitamin D level in patient with chronic periodontitis and healthy periodontium and evaluate its correlation.

A comparative cross-sectional study was done in 80 patients (40 with healthy periodontium and 40 with chronic periodontitis) visiting to Department of Dental Surgery (Periodontology and Oral Implantology Section) of Bir Hospital. Parameters measured were plaque index, gingival index, clinical attachment level and pocket depth for the evaluation of healthy periodontium and chronic periodontitis.

The result showed 16.58±6.65ng/mL and 19.06±11.52ng/mL level of vitamin D in female and male respectively (p-value 0.230) and 16.85±13.30 ng/mL and 19.78±5.87 ng/mL level of vitamin D in healthy and chronic periodontitis groups respectively (p-value 0.209).

There are no differences in the level of serum vitamin D between healthy and chronic periodontitis groups. No association was seen between vitamin D level and chronic periodontitis.

There are no differences in the level of serum vitamin D between healthy and chronic periodontitis groups. No association was seen between vitamin D level and chronic periodontitis.

Anterior Cruciate Ligament Blumensaat line angle and Anterior Cruciate Ligament Inclination angle can be measured when Anterior Cruciate Ligament is visualized on Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Both these angles can be helpful to determine the intactness of Anterior Cruciate Ligament. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of Anterior Cruciate Ligament – Blumensaat line angle, apex of Anterior Cruciate Ligament – Blumensaat line angle and Anterior Cruciate Ligament – Inclination angle to determine the status of Anterior Cruciate Ligament in terms of tear or no tear.

We conducted a prospective observational study with Magnetic Resonance Imagings of knees of 71 patients, who were divided into Anterior Cruciate Ligament tear and Anterior Cruciate Ligament intact groups based on Anterior Cruciate Ligament – Blumensaat line angle (<150- intact; ? 150 – torn Anterior Cruciate Ligament), Anterior Cruciate Ligament – Inclination angle (>450 – intact ACL; ? 450 – Anterior Cruciate Ligament tear) and apex of Anterior Cruciate Ligament – Blumensaat line angle ( apex towards femur – Intact Anterior Cruciate Ligament; apex towards tibia or parallel lines- Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tear) measured on MRI study.