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6 mm; onlay round 6.9 mm, onlay oval 1.6 mm, P less then 0.01). The onlay-oval design was the largest implant with a median size of 35 mm, compared to 23 mm for the inset and 32 mm for the onlay round (P less then 0.01). In addition, patellae using onlay-oval implants required significantly fewer lateral facetectomies due to improved bone coverage (inset 95%; onlay round 87%; onlay oval 3%; P less then 0.01). Finally, comparison of patient-reported outcome measures between the groups showed no difference at an early assessment of 6 months. Conclusion Onlay-oval design allows for the use of a larger implant, improving bone coverage and reducing the need for partial lateral facetectomy; however, early assessment of outcomes shows no difference between the three designs.Early detection is essential to improve the prognosis and mortality of gastric cancer, particularly in countries with high incidence of gastric cancer such as Japan and Korea. Endoscopy has been recently accepted as a primary tool in population-based gastric cancer screening 1 . Early detection also allows for minimally invasive endoscopic resection which has been shown to have excellent overall survival comparable to gastrectomy, while preserving stomach function.SARS‐CoV‐2 has been hypothesized as the aetiologic agent of CLL, on the basis of the temporal correlation between the “burst” of skin manifestations and the viral pandemic, even though we have scarce evidence of swab‐confirmed infections. Authors have therefore suggested some pathogenetic mechanisms such as a delayed immune‐mediated reaction to the virus in genetically‐predisposed patients1 or an early IFN‐I response in young patients, muting early viral replication but also inducing microangiopathic changes.Animals must balance various costs and benefits when deciding when to breed. The costs and benefits of breeding at different times have received much attention, but most studies have been limited to investigating short-term season-to-season fitness effects. However, breeding early, versus late, in a season may influence lifetime fitness over many years, trading off in complex ways across the breeder’s lifepan. In this study, we examined the complete life histories of 867 female tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) breeding in Ithaca, New York, between 2002 and 2016. Earlier breeders outperformed later breeders in short-term measures of reproductive output and offspring quality. Though there were weak indications that females paid long-term future survival costs for breeding early, lifetime fledgling output was markedly higher overall in early-breeding birds. Importantly, older females breeding later in the season did not experience compensating life-history advantages that suggested an alternative equal-fitness breeding strategy. Rather, most or all of the swallows appear to be breeding as early as they can, and differences in lay dates appear to be determined primarily by differences in individual quality or condition. Lay date had a significant repeatability across breeding attempts by the same female, and the first lay date of females fledged in our population was strongly influenced by the first lay date of their mothers, indicating the potential for ongoing selection on lay date. By examining performance over the entire lifespan of a large number of individuals, we were able to clarify the relationship between timing of breeding and fitness and gain new insight into the sources of variability in this important life history trait.Aim To investigate the antifungal effect of the neem extract volatile propyl disulphide against the fungal plant pathogens. Methods and results Postharvest pathogens were isolated and identified as Lasiodiplodia theobromae and Neofusicoccum parvum causing the stem end rot of mango fruit. Antifungal activity of propyl disulphide at different concentrations was determined in comparison with ethanol and distilled water. Both diffusion assays were effective in controlling the mycelial growth of the tested fungi. The high coefficient of determination (R2 , 0·970-0·997) of the growth curves indicated the good fit of the experimental data to the Gompertz growth model. Propyl disulphide significantly (P ≤ 0·05) decreased the mycelial growth during the stationary phase (A) and increased the lag phase (λ) than both control (ethanol and distilled water). Conclusion This compound can potentially be applied to other tropical and subtropical fruits for the successful control of postharvest losses of fresh produce. Significance and impact of the study This is the first report of propyl disulphide from neem extract against plant pathogens and could be beneficial for effective microbial decay prevention in food industries.Aim Liver biopsy is still required for the diagnosis of hepatocellular ballooning and inflammation, which are important histological feature of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). We conducted this multicenter, cross-sectional study to identify novel blood markers for the diagnosis of hepatocellular ballooning. Methods We enrolled 176 patients, and 132 patients proven by liver biopsy as having NAFLD were classified as non-ballooning (ballooning grade 0) (n = 83) or ballooning (ballooning grade 1 and 2) (n = 49) by a central pathology review. We performed gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, and lipidomics with plasma. Results As correlates of hepatocellular ballooning, among the clinical parameters, serum type IV collagen 7S correlated the most significantly with the ballooning grade (correlation coefficient [CC] = 0.463; P less then 0.001). Among the metabolic-/lipidomic-markers, phosphatidylcholine (PC)(aa-448) correlated the most significantly with the ballooning grade (CC = 0.394; P less then 0.001). β-Glycerophosphate chemical structure The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of type IV collagen 7S, choline, and lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE) (e-182), was 0.846 (95% confidence interval 0.772-0.919). Conclusions Plasma levels of PC were positively correlated, and those of lysophosphatidylcholine and LPE were negatively correlated with hepatocellular ballooning in NAFLD patients. These noninvasive metabolic-/lipidomic-based plasma tests might be useful to distinguish between cases of NAFLD with and without hepatocellular ballooning.