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A gamma variate function was fit to the data to describe the bolus dynamics.

Carotid compression for 10 s reduces the number of embolic articles entering the carotid arteries by over 75%. A compression duration of 15-20s does not result in greater particle reduction than one of 10s.

Brief compression of the common carotid arteries during cardiovascular interventions has the potential to dramatically reduce the number of cerebral emboli and should be investigated further.

Brief compression of the common carotid arteries during cardiovascular interventions has the potential to dramatically reduce the number of cerebral emboli and should be investigated further.

This review aims to present the literature available to date on the use of intravenous immunoglobulin and cyclophosphamide for juvenile patients with inflammatory myopathies, to evaluate the strength of the evidence so far for both these medications, and to reach conclusions about their efficacy.

Juvenile idiopathic inflammatory myopathies, mainly represented by juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM), are rare diseases but quite debilitating for the patients. JDM is an autoimmune condition with predominantly muscle and skin involvement but also systemic features affecting the cardiovascular, respiratory, and gastrointestinal systems. The mainstay therapy is based on corticosteroids and methotrexate, but often other therapeutic alternatives are sought for patients with severe or refractory disease. The rarity of these conditions makes research for new medications even more challenging. Innovative trial designs or statistical methods can be used to emulate a randomized study and investigate drug effectiveness. Despintravenous immunoglobulin and cyclophosphamide, their use is advocated by a substantial number of case reports and case series as well as analyses using marginal structural models.

Microorganisms living within an ecosystem create microbial communities and play key roles in ecosystem functioning. During their lifespan, humans share their bodies with a variety of microorganisms. More than 10-100 trillion symbiotic microorganisms live on and within human beings, and the majority of these microorganisms populate the distal ileum and colon (referred to as the gut microbiota). Interactions between the gut microbiota and the host involve signaling via chemical neurotransmitters and metabolites, neuronal pathways, and the immune system. Hypertension is a complex and heterogeneous pathophenotype. learn more A reductionist approach that assumes that all patients who have the same signs of a disease share a common disease mechanism and thus should be treated similarly is insufficient for optimal blood pressure management. Herein, we have highlighted the contribution of the gut microbiome to blood pressure regulation in humans.

Gut dysbiosis-an imbalance in the composition and function of the gut microbiota-has been shown to be associated with hypertension. Gut dysbiosis occurs via environmental pressures, including caesarean section, antibiotic use, dietary changes, and lifestyle changes over a lifetime. This review highlights how gut dysbiosis may affect a host’s blood pressure over a lifetime. The review also clarifies future challenges in studies of associations between the gut microbiome and hypertension.

Gut dysbiosis-an imbalance in the composition and function of the gut microbiota-has been shown to be associated with hypertension. Gut dysbiosis occurs via environmental pressures, including caesarean section, antibiotic use, dietary changes, and lifestyle changes over a lifetime. This review highlights how gut dysbiosis may affect a host’s blood pressure over a lifetime. The review also clarifies future challenges in studies of associations between the gut microbiome and hypertension.

A scoping review of the literature was performed to examine the current state of education on major neurocognitive disorders within psychiatry, to review influential factors for pursuing a career working with these patients, and to review what has been done in education to address the shortage of providers to care for patients with major neurocognitive disorders.

Using the Arksey and O’Malley framework for conducting scoping reviews, twenty-eight studies on education in geriatric psychiatry, neuropsychiatry, and major neurocognitive disorders were selected. Learner groups included medical students, residents, and psychiatrists. The results from the studies were compared, and major themes were presented.

Several studies found that positive clinical experiences with older adult patients and effective teachers in geriatric psychiatry play a role in influencing trainees to pursue a career in geriatric psychiatry. Topics pertaining to major neurocognitive disorders are taught by the majority of medical schools during the psychiatry rotation and are rated as the most important teaching topic in neurology among psychiatry residency program directors. Several interventions have resulted in increased comfort working with geriatric patients and patients who have major neurocognitive disorders among students, but fewer studies have resulted in an increase in interest seeing these patients in practice. There is a lack of research pertaining to psychiatry residents working with patients that have major neurocognitive disorders.

While research on geriatric psychiatry and neuropsychiatry education exists, more research is needed that focuses specifically on how medical students and psychiatry residents are being taught major neurocognitive disorders.

While research on geriatric psychiatry and neuropsychiatry education exists, more research is needed that focuses specifically on how medical students and psychiatry residents are being taught major neurocognitive disorders.

In a time of “zero suicide” initiatives and rising suicide rates, resident physicians are particularly susceptible to the psychological and professional ramifications of patient suicide. An adult psychiatry residency program developed and implemented a postvention protocol to address the impact of patient suicide among resident physicians. The current study is a formal evaluation of a training program’s postvention protocol from June 2018 to April 2020.

Process and outcome indicators were identified to assess protocol implementation and effectiveness. Process indicators included were postvention protocol adherence. Outcome indicators were perceived helpfulness of postvention protocol-related supports, occupational and general health measures, posttraumatic growth, and posttraumatic stress symptoms following resident participation in the postvention protocol.

Study response rate was 97% (n = 57/59) and 81% completed the entire survey (n = 48/59). Twenty percent of residents (n = 10/48) experienced patient suicide during residency.