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Introduction and objectives Surgical treatment for trigonocephaly aims to eliminate a stigmatizing deformity, yet the severity that captures unwanted attention is unknown. Surgeons intervene at different points of severity, eliciting controversy. This study used eye tracking to investigate when deformity is perceived. Material and methods Three-dimensional photogrammetric images of a normal child and a child with trigonocephaly were mathematically deformed, in 10% increments, to create a spectrum of 11 images. These images were shown to participants using an eye tracker. Participants’ gaze patterns were analyzed, and participants were asked if each image looked “normal” or “abnormal.” Results Sixty-six graduate students were recruited. Average dwell time toward pathologic areas of interest (AOIs) increased proportionally, from 0.77 ± 0.33 seconds at 0% deformity to 1.08 ± 0.75 seconds at 100% deformity (P less then .0001). A majority of participants did not agree an image looked “abnormal” until 90% deformity from any angle. Conclusion Eye tracking can be used as a proxy for attention threshold toward orbitofrontal deformity. The amount of attention toward orbitofrontal AOIs increased proportionally with severity. Participants did not generally agree there was “abnormality” until deformity was severe. This study supports the assertion that surgical intervention may be best reserved for more severe deformity.Background The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of LAA exclusion on short term outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing isolated coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. Methods We queried the 2010-2014 National Readmissions Database (NRD) for patients who underwent coronary artery bypass graft repair with and without left atrial appendage ligation using ICD-9 procedure codes (ICD-9 36.1xx). Only patients with a history of atrial fibrillation were included in our analysis. The primary outcome of our study was 30-day readmissions following discharge. Secondary outcomes were in hospital mortality and stroke. To assess the postoperative outcomes, we utilized multivariate logistic regression models to adjust for clinical and demographic covariates. Results In total we analyzed 253,287 CABG patients, 7.0% of whom received LAA closure. LAA exclusion was associated with a greater risk of postoperative respiratory failure (8.2% vs. 6.2%, p less then .0001), acute kidney injury (21.8% vs. 18.5%, p less then .0001), but did not significantly change the rate of blood transfusions or occurrence of cardiac tamponade. LAA exclusion was associated with a non-significant reduction in stroke (7.9% vs. 8.6%, p = .12), no difference in in-hospital mortality (2.2% vs. 2.2% p = .99), and a greater risk of 30-day readmission (16.0% vs. 9.6%, p less then .0001) After covariate adjustment, LAA ligation remained a significant predictor of 30-day readmission (OR 1.640, 95% CI 1.603 – 1.677, p less then .0001). Conclusions LAA exclusion during isolated CABG in patients with AF is associated with a higher rate of 30-day readmission. Post-operative measures to mitigate the loss of the hormonal and hemodynamic effects of the LAA may increase the therapeutic benefit of this procedure.Hospice and Palliative care benefits are infrequently realized by African American patients with cancer. With the increasing recognition of the critical role of early utilization of palliative services for optimal and quality patient care, it is important to acknowledge disparities and barriers to access that minority patients may face. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the status of palliative care delivery for African American patients within the structure and framework of the clinical practice guideline domains established by the National Consensus Project for Palliative Care. This perspectives paper describes the different aspects of palliative care and the interplay with African American culture. Here, we also attempt to identify the multilevel barriers (health care system and provider level) to palliative care among African Americans as a required step toward decreasing the disparities in access, coverage, utilization, and benefit of palliative care. Furthermore, this paper may serve as an educational guide for health care workers who care for African American patients with cancer.Background Pemafibrate, a novel selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α modulator, is prescribed for patients with dyslipidemia. To investigate other potential nonlipid-related effects of pemafibrate, the sensitive and rapid quantitation method for pemafibrate was required. Results The developed LC-MS/MS assay method exhibited excellent accuracy, precision, sensitivity, stability, no matrix effect and high recovery. The LOQ (0.05 ng/ml) and run time (6.0 min) were superior to previous reports. The calibration curve showed good linearity over the wide concentration range (0.05-100.00 ng/ml). This validated method was successfully applied in a rat pharmacokinetic study using lower doses (0.02 or 0.10 mg/kg) than have been previously reported. Conclusion This method can support gathering data for the evaluation of pemafibrate in future studies.A time-honored principle in education is that changes in knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs are precursors to changes in actions or behaviors. click here Nevertheless, health promotion professionals occasionally hear the bromide that “people know what they’re supposed to do, they just don’t do it!” What does it mean to know something really well? And when is knowledge influential enough that it affects our very way of being? This editorial introduces a new section for the American Journal of Health Promotion called “Knowing Well, Being Well Well-being born of understanding” (KWBW). Premiering in this issue of the journal, KWBW will be led by coeditors Drs Sara Johnson and David Katz, two of the most recognized and respected leaders in health promotion. Although today’s health promotion practitioners seem intent on moving “from wellness to well-being,” our discipline is in the nascent stages of reconciling theories of behavior change and pathways to well-being. “Knowing Well, Being Well” will chart a course to explore how knowledge, supportive environments, and purposeful living contribute to health, happiness, and life satisfaction.